Studies:
# |
First author, year (journal) |
Key finding (dose / model) |
Free full-text / DOI |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | University of Milan 2025 (Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, final report 27 June 2025) | Independent laboratory testing of The Fountain of Youth Lifestyle Tripeptide Collagen (300-500 Da, over 80% tripeptides) using peptide mapping, enzyme assays and human intestinal cell models: up to 5x higher predicted biological activity than conventional collagen; activity retained in human intestinal cells; high cell viability. | Report synopsis (PDF): View the synopsis |
| 2 | Inoue 2016 (J Sci Food Agric) | 5 g day⁻¹ "NGI" bovine HC for 8 weeks ↑ skin hydration (+7-12 %), elasticity (+4-9 %), ↓ wrinkle depth (-8 %) in 56 women (DB-RCT). | PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26840887 Europe PMC |
| 3 | Ohara 2007 (J Agric Food Chem) | Human crossover study (5 ♂) showed plasma peak 20-60 nmol mL⁻¹ Hyp-di/tripeptides 1-2 h after 10 g bovine HC. | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17253720 Europe PMC |
| 4 | Iwai 2005 (J Agric Food Chem) | First identification of food-derived Pro-Hyp in human blood after 10 g porcine/bovine HC; proves intact tripeptide absorption. | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16076145 Europe PMC |
| 5 | Ichikawa 2010 (Int J Food Sci Nutr) | 9 g day⁻¹ bovine HC for 4 weeks: plasma Pro-Hyp 4-fold ↑; confirms dose-dependence of tripeptide appearance. | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19961355 Europe PMC |
| 6 | Watanabe-Kamiyama 2010 (J Agric Food Chem) | Rats given low-MW bovine HC (average 3 kDa): ↑ femoral bone mineral content (+7 %). | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19957932 Europe PMC |
| 7 | Yamamoto 2016 (Biol Pharm Bull) | Human study comparing purified CTP-50 vs generic HC: plasma & urinary Pro-Hyp ↑ proportional to Gly-Pro-Hyp intake. | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26934933 Europe PMC |
| 8 | Proksch 2014 - VERISOL® (Skin Pharmacol Physiol) | 2.5 g bovine-hide BCP for 8 weeks ↓ eye-wrinkle volume by -20 %; procollagen I +65 %. | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24401291 Europe PMC |
| 9 | Proksch 2013 (Skin Pharmacol Physiol) | 2.5 or 5 g bovine HC for 8 weeks ↑ skin elasticity 15 %; effect persisted 4 weeks post-intervention. | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23949208 Europe PMC |
| 10 | Song 2013 (Clin Interv Aging) | 3 g collagen tripeptide for 12 weeks ↑ skin hydration (+28 %) & elasticity (+19 %) in healthy adults. | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24131075 Europe PMC |
| 11 | Hexsel 2017 (J Cosmet Dermatol) | 2.5 g bovine BCP × 24 weeks: ↑ nail growth rate (+12 %) & ↓ fragility (-42 %). | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28786550 Europe PMC |
Summaries:
# |
Study & model |
What they measured |
Direction of the main result |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | University of Milan 2025 - independent laboratory models: in-silico peptide mapping, in-vitro enzyme assays, in-situ human intestinal cells | Predicted biological activity, enzyme activity, activity in human intestinal cells, cell viability | Up to 5x higher predicted biological activity vs conventional collagen; activity retained in human intestinal cells; high cell viability. Laboratory models, not a claim of clinical outcomes. |
| 2 | Inoue 2016 - 8-week DB-RCT, 56 women, 5 g/day bovine HC | Corneometer skin hydration, Cutometer elasticity, fringe-projection wrinkle depth | ↑ Hydration (+7-12 %), ↑ elasticity (+4-9 %), ↓ wrinkle depth (-8 %) vs placebo ndlabs.com |
| 3 | Ohara 2007 - single-dose crossover PK, 5 men, 10 g bovine HC | Plasma levels of Hyp-di/tri-peptides | Peaks of 20-60 nmol mL-¹ Pro-Hyp/Hyp-Gly at 1-2 h post-dose (none at baseline) Europe PMC |
| 4 | Iwai 2005 - single-dose PK, 5 volunteers, 10 g porcine/bovine HC | Identification of intact tripeptides in serum | First proof of Pro-Hyp appearance in human blood after oral collagen (positive mechanistic outcome) skinglow.com.ar |
| 5 | Ichikawa 2010 - dose-escalation PK, 4 volunteers | Dose-response of plasma Hyp-peptides (30-385 mg kg-¹) | Clear, linear ↑ in peptide Cmax with higher doses (6 → 33 nmol mL-¹) Europe PMC |
| 6 | Watanabe-Kamiyama 2010 - ovariectomised-rat model, 4 wks LMW bovine HC | Femoral bone organic content & BMC | ↑ Bone organic matter and BMC (+7 %) vs controls; protective against osteoporosis Medscape |
| 7 | Yamamoto 2016 - human crossover, 9 subjects, tripeptide-enriched CTP vs generic HC | Plasma & urinary Gly-Pro-Hyp/Pro-Hyp | Higher and longer-lasting peptide levels with CTP-50; magnitude proportional to tripeptide dose JSTAGE |
| 8 | Proksch 2014 - 114 women, 2.5 g VERISOL® for 8 wks | 3-D stereo wrinkle volume & dermal biopsies | -20 % eye-wrinkle volume; +65 % procollagen-I vs placebo (p < 0.05) Europe PMC |
| 9 | Proksch 2013 - 69 women, 2.5 / 5 g collagen peptides for 8 wks | Cutometer elasticity (R2) | +15 % elasticity at both doses; effect persisted 4 wks after stopping Europe PMC |
| 10 | Song 2013 (Kim BJ) - 64 adults, 3 g collagen tripeptide 12 wks | Hydration & elasticity vs control | +28 % hydration, +19 % elasticity; both significant vs control Europe PMC |
| 11 | Hexsel 2017 - 25 women, 2.5 g VERISOL® 24 wks (open-label) | Nail growth rate & brittleness | +12 % growth rate, -42 % cracked/brittle nails; 64 % "overall improvement" by physician assessment Europe PMC |
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